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[[Category:Earth Organizations]][[Image:NORAD.jpg|thumb|170px|left|NORAD logo]]
[[Category:Central Coast Salish Indians]][[Image:|thumb|170px|left|]]


==Summary==
==Summary==


The North American Aerospace Defense Command (NORAD) is a bi-national military organization
Among the First Nations of the North West Coast there are 13 different language families, making up 13 ‘nations’. The Coast Salish are part of the Salishan language family, forming a cultural continuum from the north end of the Strait of Georgia to the southern end of Puget Sound, covering coastal regions of British Columbia and Washington, including parts of Vancouver island. Western archeologists believe that the First Nations of the North West Coast have occupied the region as of c.9000BC. The various bands argue that they have been living in that region, interacting with their environment, from time immemorial.
formally established in 1958 by Canada and the United States to monitor and defend North
American airspace.


Using data from satellites and ground base radar, NORAD monitors, validates and warns of attack
==The Coast Salish and the Environment==
against North America by aircraft, missiles or space vehicles. NORAD also provides surveillance
and control of the airspace of Canada and the United States.


==Cheyenne Mountain Operations Center==
The various bands and nations of the area, including the Coast Salish, recognized their dependence on the environment and as such, many aspects of their lives and culture were tied to the environment. This tie to the environment still exists today and has become an important factor in land claims issues, environmental conservation, and in other attempts made by the First Nations to redefine their relationship with the state after the era of colonialism.


{|
Traditionally, the various bands and tribes within the Coast Salish language group lived in a seasonal round; with large, central, permanent villages in the winter, and temporary summer campsites. For the First Nations on the Coast of British Columbia and Washington, the ocean was the central source of food extraction and in their food production nothing was wasted.  
|valign="top"|[[Image:CMOC.jpg|thumb|170px|left|CMOC logo]]
|valign="top"|


The operational unit at Cheyenne Mountain Air Force Station (CMAFS) is commonly referred to as
Maintaining family relations was of high priority, with extended family being as important as the nuclear family. The local group was also of great importance in the social organization of the Salish bands and they consider themselves to be the descendants of a common ancestor. Above all else, the local group served to connect the people to their land. Membership to a local group gave individuals the right to use names and to tell stories that connected them to their ancestors. The Salish peoples relied on their environment for survival. As such, they developed a very special relationship to their land, with their traditions and oral history linking them into the environmental and seasonal cycle of their territories.
the Cheyenne Mountain Operations Center (CMOC). The installation contains elements from the
American Aerospace Defense Command (NORAD), U.S. Northern Command (USNORTHCOM), U.S. Strategic
Command and Air Force Space Command.


CMOC is one of the most unique installations in the world. Apart from the fact that it is housed
The Coast Salish see themselves as the youngest of all creation, as students who must learn from their environment. They also recognize that as ‘children’, they still have a lot to learn from their environment.  
more than 2,400 feet underground, CMOC is also a joint and bi-national military organization
comprised of over 200 professional men and women from the Army, Navy, Marine, Air Force, and
Canadian Forces. Operations are conducted in eight centers manned 24 hours a day, 365 days a
year. The centers are the Air Warning Center, Missile Correlation Center, Domestic Warning
Center, Space Control Center, Operational Intelligence Watch, Systems Center, Weather Center,
and the Command Center. Additionally, CMOC is linked with 22 Federal Aviation Administration
centers nationwide which provide an internal air picture of the United States.
|-
|valign="top"|[[Image:cmoc_entrance.jpg|thumb|170px|left|[[Cheyenne Mountain Complex|Entrance to Cheyenne Mountain Complex]]]]
|valign="top"|


The Cheyenne Mountain Complex became completely operational April 20, 1966. The Army Corps of
==Transformation==
Engineers supervised the excavation and construction, using 1.5 million pounds of dynamite to
 
excavate approximately 700,000 tons of granite. The actual operations complex is a series of 15
According to native legend as expressed through oral accounts, back in the beginning of time
buildings, 12 of which are three stories tall. The entire operations complex is mounted on 1,319
the Xexa:ls (or Transfomers - three brothers and one sister) traveled through the land, up and
springs, each weighing 1,000 pounds, that allow the complex to sway up to 12 inches horizontally
down the river, transforming the legendary beings into rocks and animals and the river’s first
in any direction. The tunnel structure is reinforced by 110,000 rock bolts six to 32 feet in
salmon and sturgeon, creating the world as it exists today.
length that function like molly bolts, pushing outward on the walls to prevent implosion or
 
cave-in. The two main blast doors are 25 tons, 3½-feet-thick baffled steel. The often-seen shot
Before Xexá:ls came, life was very different, animals, birds and even people could change forms and all living life could speak with each other. Xexá:ls taught the people how to relate to and observe the land, water and air in order to learn to survive in balance and harmony.
of the entrance to the Cheyenne Mountain Complex is, in fact, the entrance to the Cheyenne
Mountain Complex.
|}


==Related Articles==
==Related Articles==


* [[Cheyenne Mountain Complex]]
=== Keywords ===
 
* [[Great Spirits]]
 
==Related Characters==
 
* [[Tonane]]
* [[Xe'ls]]
* [[T'akaya]]
 
== Related Links ==


==Related Links==
* [http://home.istar.ca/~bthom/index.htm Coast Salish site by Brian Thom]
* [http://www.racerocks.com/racerock/firstnations/paper/conservation.htm Coast Salish; Connections to the Environment]
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coast_Salish Wikipedia]


* [http://www.norad.mil/Home.htm Official NORAD site]
----


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--[[User:Helen|Helen]] 14:06, 10 July 2006 (PDT)
--[[User:Helen|Helen]] 14:08, 2 July 2006 (PDT)

Latest revision as of 14:06, 10 July 2006

[[Image:|thumb|170px|left|]]

Summary

Among the First Nations of the North West Coast there are 13 different language families, making up 13 ‘nations’. The Coast Salish are part of the Salishan language family, forming a cultural continuum from the north end of the Strait of Georgia to the southern end of Puget Sound, covering coastal regions of British Columbia and Washington, including parts of Vancouver island. Western archeologists believe that the First Nations of the North West Coast have occupied the region as of c.9000BC. The various bands argue that they have been living in that region, interacting with their environment, from time immemorial.

The Coast Salish and the Environment

The various bands and nations of the area, including the Coast Salish, recognized their dependence on the environment and as such, many aspects of their lives and culture were tied to the environment. This tie to the environment still exists today and has become an important factor in land claims issues, environmental conservation, and in other attempts made by the First Nations to redefine their relationship with the state after the era of colonialism.

Traditionally, the various bands and tribes within the Coast Salish language group lived in a seasonal round; with large, central, permanent villages in the winter, and temporary summer campsites. For the First Nations on the Coast of British Columbia and Washington, the ocean was the central source of food extraction and in their food production nothing was wasted.

Maintaining family relations was of high priority, with extended family being as important as the nuclear family. The local group was also of great importance in the social organization of the Salish bands and they consider themselves to be the descendants of a common ancestor. Above all else, the local group served to connect the people to their land. Membership to a local group gave individuals the right to use names and to tell stories that connected them to their ancestors. The Salish peoples relied on their environment for survival. As such, they developed a very special relationship to their land, with their traditions and oral history linking them into the environmental and seasonal cycle of their territories.

The Coast Salish see themselves as the youngest of all creation, as students who must learn from their environment. They also recognize that as ‘children’, they still have a lot to learn from their environment.

Transformation

According to native legend as expressed through oral accounts, back in the beginning of time the Xexa:ls (or Transfomers - three brothers and one sister) traveled through the land, up and down the river, transforming the legendary beings into rocks and animals and the river’s first salmon and sturgeon, creating the world as it exists today.

Before Xexá:ls came, life was very different, animals, birds and even people could change forms and all living life could speak with each other. Xexá:ls taught the people how to relate to and observe the land, water and air in order to learn to survive in balance and harmony.

Related Articles

Keywords

Related Characters

Related Links


--Helen 14:06, 10 July 2006 (PDT)